The EM Range of Low Level Voltage Measuring Instruments

N11

This instrument has a very wide range of source resistance capability and has an equivalent noise resistance of less than 30 ohms. Sub nanovolt resolution is possible. The N11 has many applications, including cryogenic measurements.

P12

This instrument is the lowest level picovoltmeter made by EM Electronics and can resolve a few picovolts DC. It is used for specialist applications with very low source impedance and where ultra high resolution is required. The equivalent noise resistance is about 30 milli-ohms.

P13

This instrument is designed as a practical and easy to use picovoltmeter. Equivalent noise resistance less than 1 ohm. Resolution down to 20 picovolts.

A14

This instrument has a very high linearity, better than 1 ppm, with an equivalent noise resistance of less than 5 ohms. Resolution down to 50 picovolts.

N31

The N31 is the latest and most advanced DC Nanovoltmeter with even greater capability for measuring cryogenic sources and with the advantage of isolated DC output and control. The equivalent noise resistance is less than 10 ohms.